Epidermis (Outer Layer): The epidermis is the topmost layer of the skin, made up of keratinocytes (cells that produce keratin, a protein that protects your skin). This layer forms the first line of defense against environmental factors like chemicals, pollution, and UV radiation. It also acts as a barrier to prevent harmful substances from penetrating deeper layers.

Dermis (Middle Layer): Beneath the epidermis lies the dermis, which contains important structures such as blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings. The dermis provides structural support to the skin and supplies nutrients to the hair follicles, helping to maintain healthy hair growth.

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer): The hypodermis is the deepest layer of skin, composed mainly of fat cells (adipocytes), connective tissue, and larger blood vessels. This layer acts as insulation, keeping the body warm, and connects the skin to underlying muscles and bones.

Muscle Layer: Underneath the hypodermis lies the muscle layer, which is important for the movement of the skin and hair follicles. The tiny muscles attached to the hair follicles (called arrector pili) contract when you’re cold or stressed, causing “goosebumps.”